Compounds Studied in GH-Axis Research
A survey of catalogue compounds that appear in GH-axis and related metabolic research, grouped by the mechanisms, tissues, and models in which they have been studied.
Growth hormone secretagogues and their fragments are studied as research reagents in the somatotropic axis, a system defined by the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and its endogenous ligand ghrelin, together with the downstream GH/IGF-1 signalling cascade. The compounds below are supplied for laboratory investigation only; the studies cited describe experimental or clinical research contexts, not consumer use.
Identifiers and classes vary by compound: peptides are characterised by sequence and molecular weight, while small molecules are defined by formula and structure. Where the evidence block provides no sequence, formula, or molecular weight, none is stated here.
Research Studies
CJC-1295 with DAC and GHSR-mediated GH release
CJC-1295 with DAC is a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analogue studied for its extended half-life relative to unmodified GHRH. Research in this area centres on GHSR and GHRH-receptor co-signalling and on the pulsatile release of GH from pituitary somatotrophs. No sequence, formula, or molecular weight is provided in the evidence block for this compound.
AOD9604 (Fragment 176-191) and lipolytic signalling in adipose models
AOD9604, also referred to as Fragment 176-191, is a modified C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone studied in adipose-tissue models for effects on lipolysis and lipid metabolism. The evidence block does not supply a sequence, formula, or molecular weight for this fragment.
BPC-157 and tendon healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide that has demonstrated regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical animal models of musculoskeletal injury, but it has not yet been studied in formal human clinical trials [7]. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial is investigating its effects on tendon healing and functional recovery following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (aRCR); twenty patients undergoing aRCR are enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either BPC-157 or a saline placebo, with participants self-administering subcutaneous injections daily for 90 days following surgery [7].
BPC-157 + TB-500 blend and combined musculoskeletal repair models
The BPC-157 + TB-500 blend is a co-formulated research reagent combining two peptides that have been studied separately in musculoskeletal and soft-tissue repair models. The evidence block does not provide a study of the blend itself, so no combined-mechanism claim is made here.
5-Amino-1MQ and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibition
5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) studied in metabolic and adipocyte research. The evidence block does not supply a formula or molecular weight for this compound.
Adipotide and vascular targeting in adipose tissue
Adipotide is a peptidomimetic studied in preclinical adipose-vasculature models for targeted effects on white adipose tissue. The evidence block does not provide a sequence, formula, or molecular weight for this compound.
ARA-290 and the innate repair receptor (IRR) axis
ARA-290 is a peptide studied in the context of the innate repair receptor (IRR) axis, a receptor complex distinct from GHSR. The evidence block does not supply a sequence, formula, or molecular weight for this compound.
Cagrilintide and amylin-receptor signalling in metabolic research
Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analogue studied in metabolic and appetite-regulation research. The evidence block does not provide a sequence, formula, or molecular weight for this compound.
Cerebrolysin and neurotrophic-factor research models
Cerebrolysin is a peptide preparation studied in neurotrophic and neuroprotection research models. The evidence block does not supply a sequence, formula, or molecular weight for this preparation.
DSIP and sleep-related neuroendocrine research
DSIP (delta sleep-inducing peptide) is a peptide studied in sleep and neuroendocrine research models. The evidence block does not provide a sequence, formula, or molecular weight for this compound.
Epithalon (Epitalon) and telomerase-related research
Epithalon, also spelled Epitalon, is a synthetic tetrapeptide studied in telomerase and cellular-ageing research models. The evidence block does not supply a sequence, formula, or molecular weight for this compound.
Bacteriostatic water as a reconstitution reagent in laboratory workflows
Bacteriostatic water is a diluent used in laboratory reconstitution of lyophilised peptide reagents. It is not itself a study compound; it appears in research workflows as a solvent.
Related compounds in adjacent metabolic research
Several compounds in the catalogue appear in research adjacent to the GH axis but not directly within it. The table below summarises the populations and models in which they have been studied, as reported in the evidence block.
| Compound | Population / model | Study focus |
|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Postpartum individuals with recent gestational diabetes (n=226) | Development of metabolic syndrome at 6 months postpartum [2] |
| Semaglutide | Patients with schizophrenia on second-generation antipsychotics with metabolic syndrome | 10-year cardiovascular risk (QRISK3), insulin resistance, lipids, weight over 24 weeks [9] |
| Tirzepatide | Severe obesity before one anastomosis gastric bypass | Weight loss one year after surgery; safety and surgical outcomes [5] |
| Calcium-HMB plus vitamin D3 | Adults aged 65–85 with type 2 diabetes newly starting semaglutide | Appendicular lean mass by DXA at month 6 [10] |
| Nicotinamide | Adults with primary open-angle glaucoma on standard therapy | Rate of inner retinal nerve cell layer thinning over 12 months [3] |
| Nicotinamide riboside | People with peripheral artery disease age 50 and older (n=250) | Six-minute walk distance at six months [11] |
| SYH2069 | Participants with T2DM inadequately controlled on diet/exercise or metformin (n=240) | Glycaemic control, safety, PK, immunogenicity over 28 weeks [12] |
GHK and GHK-Cu in circulating-level research
GHK and GHK-Cu are studied in research on circulating peptide levels in healthy adults. A two-part clinical trial is investigating GHK and GHK-Cu blood levels pre- and post-intervention, and the efficacy of the X39 patch on GHK and GHK-Cu blood levels compared to placebo, with the primary questions addressing change from baseline to Day 8 and the difference in that change between patch and placebo [6].
Fasting and mitophagy research relevant to metabolic-axis studies
Research on mitophagy and mitochondrial DNA dynamics during Ramadan dry fasting versus 16:8 time-restricted feeding investigates how different fasting types affect mitochondrial clearance and renewal, comparing the combined effects of fluid restriction and daily body rhythms against water-permitted fasting over a 30-day period [4]. This work is relevant to metabolic-axis research but does not itself study a GH-axis compound.
AI-assisted subtyping in acute aortic dissection
Research on AI-assisted subtyping-directed precision treatment in acute aortic dissection integrates multi-dimensional data to construct an AI immunoinflammatory subtyping system, establishing a subtyping-target-treatment closed loop; a prospective multicentre RCT randomises 300 patients to subtyping-based precision therapy or empirical strategies [1]. This work is included for completeness of the adjacent research landscape and does not concern a GH-axis compound.
GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists in obesity-related HFpEF
The GLIDE-HF registry is a prospective, single-centre, non-interventional observational cohort registry conducted within routine outpatient heart failure care, enrolling patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) defined by chronic heart failure symptoms or exertional dyspnoea, BMI at least 30 kg/m², left ventricular ejection fraction at least 50%, and objective evidence of HFpEF using contemporary diagnostic scores [8].
If you are reading this for personal health reasons
This material is sold for laboratory research only. We do not provide dosing or medical guidance, and nothing here should be read as a recommendation for personal use. Anyone considering a compound for themselves should speak to a licensed clinician.
Sources
- [1] AI-assisted Subtyping-directed Precision Treatment in Acute Aortic Dissection — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07382375
- [2] Postpartum Semaglutide to Reduce Cardiometabolic Risk After Gestational Diabetes — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07797036
- [3] Nicotinamide for Retinal Protection in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (NADIR Trial) — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07808333
- [4] Mitophagy and Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics During Ramadan Dry Fasting vs 16:8 Time-Restricted Feeding — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07638696
- [5] Preoperative Optimization With Tirzepatide, Ketogenic Diet, or Standard Care Before One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Surgery — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07622992
- [6] Two-Part Study of the Effects of the X39 Patch on Circulating GHK and GHK-Cu Levels in Healthy Adults — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07706361
- [7] Impact of BPC-157 on Recovery Following Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07803250
- [8] GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists in Obesity-Related HFpEF: The GLIDE-HF Registry — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07787936
- [9] Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on Cardiometabolic Profile in Patients With Schizophrenia With Metabolic Syndrome — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07770282
- [10] HMB Plus Vitamin D to Preserve Muscle in Older Adults Starting Semaglutide — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07760948
- [11] The NICE-PAD II Trial — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07782671
- [12] A Study of SYH2069 Injection in Participants With T2DM Not Controlled With Diet/Exercise Alone or Metformin — https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07796477