Hedi Raizer
Journal
853 articles
- What is glycosaminoglycans? Glycosaminoglycans are a class of long, negatively charged polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix. This p...
- What does the research say about the stratum corneum? The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and the principal barrier to transdermal drug deli...
- How Is Microneedling Measured? Microneedling is measured through clinical scoring indices, histological endpoints, and device parameters. Thi...
- How is melanogenesis measured? Melanogenesis is measured by quantifying melanin content and tyrosinase activity in cultured melanocytes and o...
- How does genomic instability work? Genomic instability is the increased tendency of a cell to acquire genetic alterations. This page outlines its...
- Common misconceptions about retinoids Retinoids are a class of vitamin A derivatives used in laboratory research on skin biology, cell differentiati...
- How cellular senescence changes with age Cellular senescence is a stress response of irreversible cell-cycle arrest that accumulates across tissues wit...
- What markers track the HPA axis? The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is tracked in research by a defined set of endocrine and downstream ma...
- What markers track proteostasis? Proteostasis is tracked by markers of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal flux, chaperone levels, mit...
- Which peptides are studied in relation to the extracellular matrix? A research-supply overview of peptides and ECM-associated proteins examined in extracellular matrix studies, s...
- How does GrimAge work? GrimAge is a second-generation epigenetic clock that incorporates plasma protein surrogates and smoking histor...
- How Does the Skin Barrier Work? The skin barrier is a complex system involving the stratum corneum, tight junctions, and lipid matrix. This ar...
- How the IGF-1 axis changes with age IGF-1 signalling declines across the lifespan, but the trajectory is not linear and differs by tissue, diet an...
- What markers track genomic instability? A research-supply overview of the markers and molecular readouts used to track genomic instability, drawing on...
- Which peptides are studied in relation to metabolic flexibility? A research-supply review of the compounds and pathways examined in metabolic-flexibility studies, from sirtuin...
- What markers track microneedling? Microneedling is studied through clinical scoring indices, tissue growth-factor levels, and split-side compari...
- How glymphatic clearance changes with age Glymphatic clearance is the brain's fluid-transport route for interstitial solute removal, and its activity de...
- How is cellular senescence measured? Cellular senescence is measured by combining markers of irreversible cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage signalling,...