Journal September 25, 2026 5 min read

Which peptides are studied in relation to thyroid function?

A research-supply overview of peptides and related compounds investigated for their association with thyroid function, including LH, hCG, FGF23, α-Klotho, omentin-1, asprosin, adipolin, visfatin, and others. All findings

peptides-pro Editorial

Peptides studied in relation to thyroid function include luteinizing hormone (LH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), soluble α-Klotho, omentin-1, asprosin, adipolin, visfatin, and the growth hormone analog somatrogon. These compounds are investigated for their roles in thyroid hormone regulation, autoimmune thyroid disease, and metabolic disturbances associated with thyroid dysfunction. The evidence base consists of observational studies, case reports, and clinical trials, with some findings derived from animal or in vitro models.

The work centres on endocrine and metabolic pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, the soluble α-Klotho-FGF23 axis, and adipokine signalling in thyroid autoimmunity.

Research Studies

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in adult endocrine assessment

An observational study is evaluating the role of LH and hCG in adult patients undergoing assessment for endocrine disorders [7]. The study notes that LH increases substantially after menopause and may rise in some men, while hCG is detectable in small amounts in some postmenopausal women and older men. Recent research suggests these hormones may influence bone health, body weight, kidney function, thyroid function, and adrenal gland function, though little is known about their clinical significance [7].

Soluble α-Klotho and FGF23 in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

A prospective case-control study aims to compare serum soluble α-Klotho and FGF23 levels between adults with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and age- and sex-matched healthy controls, and to investigate their associations with thyroid function parameters and inflammatory markers [6]. The soluble α-Klotho-FGF23 axis plays a central role in mineral metabolism, inflammation, and aging-related pathways, and its involvement in Hashimoto's thyroiditis has not been adequately characterized [6].

Omentin-1 and HMGB1 in Hashimoto thyroiditis

A study evaluated circulating levels of omentin-1, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an inflammatory alarmin, in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis [12]. The findings are reported in a reference-only source and are not detailed here.

Adipokines (asprosin, adipolin, omentin-1, visfatin) with levothyroxine replacement in newly diagnosed hypothyroidism

A prospective observational study aims to evaluate changes in serum adipokine levels, including asprosin, adipolin, omentin-1, and visfatin, together with metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed primary hypothyroid patients before and after 8 weeks of levothyroxine replacement therapy [8]. Primary hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic disturbances including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, adipose tissue dysfunction, and altered adipokine secretion, and the extent to which biochemical recovery reflects metabolic improvement remains unclear [8].

Long-acting growth hormone analogs (somatrogon) and hypothalamic-pituitary axes in children

An observational prospective monocentric study explored hormonal changes in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency (n=33) starting long-acting growth hormone analog somatrogon (n=16) or switching from daily recombinant human growth hormone to the same weekly analogue (n=17) [3]. The impact of long-acting growth hormone formulations on other pituitary axes, including the thyroid axis, remains unclear [3].

Enclomiphene citrate and thyroid function in a case report

A case report described a 46-year-old man with prior mitral valve repair and chronic immune thrombocytopenia who developed atrial flutter after inadvertently increasing his enclomiphene dose from 25 mg to 50 mg daily [2]. Laboratory evaluation showed normal thyroid function, cardiac biomarkers, and electrolytes [2]. Enclomiphene citrate is increasingly prescribed off-label for secondary male hypogonadism, and its cardiovascular safety profile remains poorly characterised [2].

Vitamin E as adjunct to levothyroxine in hypothyroidism

A clinical trial aims to learn if vitamin E supplementation as an adjunct to levothyroxine therapy helps reduce oxidative stress, improve antioxidant defence mechanisms, and favourably influence thyroid hormone status in patients with hypothyroidism [1]. The findings aim to establish an evidence-based framework for integrating targeted antioxidant therapies into standard hypothyroid management strategies [1].

Thyroid function panel in a Chinese obesity registry

A real-world registry study will enroll 10,000 patients with obesity across approximately 50 medical institutions in China [5]. At baseline, a thyroid function panel (3 items) is among the laboratory tests performed, and patients receive weight-loss therapy in routine clinical practice [5].

Biomarkers and pharmacogenomics for precision depression therapy

A prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled trial aims to enroll 220 patients with major depressive disorder to compare pharmacogenomics-guided therapy with conventional treatment, with a 12-week follow-up [4]. A matched healthy control cohort will be included for cross-sectional biomarker comparisons [4]. Thyroid function is not a primary focus, but the study contributes to the broader context of endocrine and metabolic biomarker research.

Parathyroid function after lateral neck lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma

A retrospective study analysed 347 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy with lateral neck dissection to compare outcomes across three progressively extensive dissection schemes [9]. The findings are reported in a reference-only source and are not detailed here.

Autoimmune adrenal insufficiency in an adolescent with autoimmune thyroiditis

A case report and review of literature described persistent elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone despite levothyroxine therapy, revealing autoimmune adrenal insufficiency in an adolescent with autoimmune thyroiditis [10]. The findings are reported in a reference-only source and are not detailed here.

Goserelin vs. leuprolide in premenopausal breast cancer patients

A retrospective cohort study compared goserelin and leuprolide, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists used for ovarian function suppression, in premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy [11]. The findings are reported in a reference-only source and are not detailed here.

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