Selenium-Mediated Modulation of Physiological and Biochemical Traits in Chili
This study investigated selenium's impact on chili growth and yield, finding that specific concentrations enhanced biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity.
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for both animal and plant systems, characterized by its antioxidant and antiviral properties. While not required in large quantities, trace amounts can significantly improve crop growth and yield. The bioavailability of selenium in food products is directly dependent on the concentration present in the soil. This research aimed to evaluate the specific effects of selenium supplementation on the physiological development and productivity of chili (Capsicum annuum L.).
The experimental approach involved applying various concentrations of sodium selenite as a foliar treatment to chili plants at intervals of seven days over a two-month period. The tested concentrations ranged from 0 mgL−1 up to 20 mgL−1, or equivalently 0, 28.9, 57.8, and 115.6 µM. Researchers collected data on multiple growth parameters, including shoot length, root length, and leaf number. Additionally, biochemical assays were conducted to measure total protein content and the activities of key antioxidant enzymes: catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase.
The results indicated that a concentration of 57.8 µM selenium significantly improved several growth metrics. Specifically, this dosage led to increases in leaf number, fruit length, shoot length, fruit number, fruit diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, as well as root number and diameter. Furthermore, the content of total soluble protein was notably elevated at a higher concentration of 115.6 µM sodium selenite. Concurrently, the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were found to increase significantly under these conditions.
Despite the overall positive impact on growth and antioxidant capacity, some limitations were observed. Notably, root length was recorded as less than that of untreated plants at certain stages. These findings suggest that while selenium in the form of sodium selenite can enhance fruit number and biomass production, its effects are concentration-dependent and may vary across different plant parameters. This study provides valuable data for understanding selenium's role in metabolic regulation within chili crops.